Works Referenced
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. London: Chatto & Windus, 1884
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1876
Autobiography of Mark Twain, vols. 1–3. Edited by Harriet Elinor Smith and other editors of the Mark Twain Project. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010, 2013, and 2015.
Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches, & Essays, 1852–1890. Edited by Louis J. Budd. New York: Library of America, 1992.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court. New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1889.
A Family Sketch and Other Private Writings. Edited by Benjamin Griffin. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014.
The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1883.
The Innocents Abroad: A New Pilgrim’s Progress. Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1869
Life on the Mississippi. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1883.
The Prince and the Pauper. London: Chatto & Windus, 1881.
Roughing It. Hartford, CT: American Publishing Co., 1880.
A Tramp Abroad. Hartford, CT: American Publishing Co., 1872.
Biographical and Critical Sources
Andrews‚ Kenneth R. Nook Farm: Mark Twain’s Hartford Circle. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press‚ 1950.
Bush, Harold K., Steve Courtney, and Messent, Peter, eds. The Letters of Mark Twain and Joseph Hopkins Twichell. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2017.
Chernow, Ron. Mark Twain. New York: Penguin Random House, 2025
Clark, Charles Hopkins. “The Charter Oak City.” Scribner’s Monthly, November 1876.
Clemens‚ Clara. My Father‚ Mark Twain. New York: Harper & Brothers‚ 1931.
Courtney‚ Steve. Joseph Hopkins Twichell: The Life and Times of Mark Twain’s Closest Friend. Athens: University of Georgia Press‚ 2008.
Driscoll, Kerry. “Mark Twain’s Music Box: Livy, Cosmopolitanism, and the Commodity Aesthetic.” In Cosmopolitan Twain, edited by Anne M. Ryan and Joseph B. McCullough, 140–86. Columbia, Missouri, and London: University of Missouri Press, 2008.
Howells‚ William Dean. My Mark Twain. Mineola‚ New York: Dover‚ 1997 (reprint of 1910 edition).
Jerome, Robert D., Barbara Snedecor, and Herbert A. Wisbey, eds. Mark Twain in Elmira. Elmira, New York: Elmira College, 2013.
Kaplan‚ Justin. Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster‚ 1966.
Lawton, Mary. A Lifetime with Mark Twain: The Memories of Katy Leary, for Thirty Years His Faithful and Devoted Servant. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1925
Mac Donnell, Kevin, “George Griffin: Meeting Mark Twain’s Butler Face to Face.” Mark Twain Journal, Spring 2024.
Meltzer‚ Milton. Mark Twain Himself. New York: Wings Books‚ 1960.
Paine, Albert Bigelow. Mark Twain: A Biography, vols. 1–4. New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1912.
Powers, Ron. Mark Twain: A Life. New York: Free Press, 2005
Rasmussen, R. Kent. Mark Twain A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Writings. New York: Facts on File, 1995.
Salsbury, Edith Colgate. Susy and Mark Twain: Family Dialogues. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
Schwinn, Walter K. Mark Twain’s Hartford House. Unpublished manuscript in the Mark Twain House & Museum Archive, 1986.
Snedecor, Barbara, ed. Gravity: Selected Letters of Olivia Langdon Clemens. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2023.
Twichell, Joseph H. “Mark Twain.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, May 1896.
Websites
The Mark Twain Papers & Project
The Mark Twain Papers & Project at the University of California‚ Berkeley is where Twain’s vast published and unpublished materials are archived. The project has published scholarly editions of many of his works and offers extraordinary access to materials‚ including a searchable database of letters to and from Samuel L. Clemens.
https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/bancroft/mark-twain-papers
The Center for Mark Twain Studies
The Center for Mark Twain Studies at Elmira College in upstate New York maintains a strong archive‚ as well as a study center for scholars in the former home of Clemens’ sister-in-law‚ which was a summer retreat for the Clemens family and a workplace for the writer.
Twainquotes.com
Barbara Schmidt’s twainquotes.com site is a wealth of information (not only quotes)‚ but also hundreds of primary materials on Mark Twain‚ such as interviews and articles from the press of the era.
http://www.twainquotes.com/index.html
The Mark Twain Forum
The Mark Twain Forum is a place where scholars and non-scholars swap information‚ quash myths and trade (sometimes strongly worded) opinions on the great American writer.
http://bochynski.com/twainweb/
Mark Twain in His Times
The late noted Mark Twain scholar Stephen Railton produced and directed this delightful‚ cleverly designed site from the University of Virginia. There are dozens of texts and manuscripts‚ scores of contemporary reviews and articles‚ hundreds of images and interactive exhibits.
https://twain.lib.virginia.edu/index2.html
The Mark Twain House & Museum
The restored Mark Twain House in Hartford, Connecticut, offers tours, educational programs, literary events, exhibitions ,and programs ranging from scholarly Mark Twain-oriented events to ghost tours and a Clue-style game played in the house itself. The site provides a wealth of information about the author, his family, the household staff and the contemporary scene in Hartford.
The Mark Twain Boyhood Home & Museum
The website of the restored Mark Twain Boyhood Home in Hannibal, Missouri, showcases this important locale – the scene of the fictional lives of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and other Clemens characters – and provides information on his life and career, as well as museum events and exhibits.